Carnotaurus

Overview

Carnotaurus sastrei was a large, carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 72 to 69 million years ago. It is known for its distinctive horns above the eyes and a highly streamlined body, making it one of the most unique theropods.

Carnotaurus was a medium-sized predator, measuring about 25 feet (7.5 meters) in length and weighing around 1.5 tons. Its name means “meat-eating bull,” a reference to its bull-like horns and carnivorous diet.

Quick Facts

Diet

Carnivore (large herbivorous dinosaurs)

Speed

~30 mph (estimated)

Weight

~1.5 tons (1,360 kg)

Length

~25 ft (7.5 m)

Bite Force

~3,000 psi (estimated)

Discovery & Significance

Carnotaurus was first discovered in 1984 in Argentina by paleontologist José Bonaparte. The discovery included an almost complete skeleton, making it one of the best-preserved theropods ever found. Its unique features, such as the horns and short arms, have made it a subject of fascination for scientists and the public alike.

The horns of Carnotaurus are thought to have been used for display, combat, or species recognition. Its short arms, even smaller than those of T. rex, were likely vestigial and had little functional use.

Physical Characteristics

Carnotaurus had a deep, robust skull with powerful jaws and sharp teeth, ideal for tearing through flesh. Its most distinctive feature was the pair of thick, horn-like structures above its eyes, which may have been used in intraspecific combat or display.

Its body was streamlined, with long, powerful hind limbs adapted for speed. Carnotaurus is believed to have been one of the fastest large theropods, capable of reaching speeds of up to 30 mph. Its skin impressions, preserved in the fossil record, reveal a pattern of small, non-overlapping scales.

Carnotaurus vs. Other Large Theropods

More Details

Carnotaurus lived in what is now South America during the Late Cretaceous. Its environment was characterized by semi-arid plains and river systems, which supported a diverse range of dinosaurs. Carnotaurus was likely an apex predator, preying on large herbivores like Saltasaurus and Amargasaurus.

The streamlined body and powerful legs of Carnotaurus suggest it was built for speed, making it an effective hunter. Its horns, while not suited for hunting, may have been used in territorial disputes or mating displays. The discovery of skin impressions has provided valuable insights into the appearance and texture of its skin, which was covered in small, bumpy scales.

Carnotaurus is one of the most well-known abelisaurids, a group of theropods that thrived in the Southern Hemisphere during the Late Cretaceous. Its unique features and well-preserved fossils make it a key species for understanding the evolution of theropod dinosaurs.

References & Further Reading